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<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="utf-8"><title>Package spec</title><style>body { background-color: #ffffff; color: #24292e; margin: 0; line-height: 1.5; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji";}#rainbar { height: 10px; background-image: linear-gradient(139deg, #fb8817, #ff4b01, #c12127, #e02aff);} a { text-decoration: none; color: #0366d6;}a:hover { text-decoration: underline;} pre { margin: 1em 0px; padding: 1em; border: solid 1px #e1e4e8; border-radius: 6px; display: block; overflow: auto; white-space: pre; background-color: #f6f8fa; color: #393a34;}code { font-family: SFMono-Regular, Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Menlo, Courier, monospace; font-size: 85%; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; background-color: #f6f8fa; color: #393a34;}pre > code { padding: 0; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;}h1, h2, h3 { font-weight: 600;} #logobar { background-color: #333333; margin: 0 auto; padding: 1em 4em;}#logobar .logo { float: left;}#logobar .title { font-weight: 600; color: #dddddd; float: left; margin: 5px 0 0 1em;}#logobar:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both;} #content { margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 4em;} #table_of_contents > h2 { font-size: 1.17em;}#table_of_contents ul:first-child { border: solid 1px #e1e4e8; border-radius: 6px; padding: 1em; background-color: #f6f8fa; color: #393a34;}#table_of_contents ul { list-style-type: none; padding-left: 1.5em;}#table_of_contents li { font-size: 0.9em;}#table_of_contents li a { color: #000000;} header.title { border-bottom: solid 1px #e1e4e8;}header.title > h1 { margin-bottom: 0.25em;}header.title > .description { display: block; margin-bottom: 0.5em; line-height: 1;} header.title .version { font-size: 0.8em; color: #666666;} footer#edit { border-top: solid 1px #e1e4e8; margin: 3em 0 4em 0; padding-top: 2em;} table { width: 100%; margin: 1em 0; border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid #e1e4e8; overflow: hidden; border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0;} table thead { background-color: #f6f8fa;} table tbody { background-color: #ffffff;} table th,table td { padding: 0.75em; text-align: left; border-right: 1px solid #e1e4e8; border-bottom: 1px solid #e1e4e8;} table th:last-child,table td:last-child { border-right: none;} table tbody tr:last-child td { border-bottom: none;} table th { font-weight: 600; background-color: #f6f8fa;} table code { white-space: nowrap;} </style></head><body><div id="banner"><div id="rainbar"></div><div id="logobar"><svg class="logo" role="img" height="32" width="32" viewBox="0 0 700 700"><polygon fill="#cb0000" points="0,700 700,700 700,0 0,0"></polygon><polygon fill="#ffffff" points="150,550 350,550 350,250 450,250 450,550 550,550 550,150 150,150"></polygon></svg><div class="title">npm command-line interface</div></div></div> <section id="content"><header class="title"><h1 id="----package-spec----11110"> <span>Package spec</span> <span class="version">@11.11.0</span></h1><span class="description">Package name specifier</span></header> <section id="table_of_contents"><h2 id="table-of-contents">Table of contents</h2><div id="_table_of_contents"><ul><li><a href="#description">Description</a></li><li><a href="#package-name">Package name</a></li><li><a href="#aliases">Aliases</a></li><li><a href="#folders">Folders</a></li><li><a href="#tarballs">Tarballs</a></li><li><a href="#git-urls">git urls</a></li><li><a href="#see-also">See also</a></li></ul></div></section> <div id="_content"><h3 id="description">Description</h3><p>Commands like <code>npm install</code> and the dependency sections in the <code>package.json</code> use a package name specifier.This can be many different things that all refer to a "package". Examples include a package name, git url, tarball, or local directory.These will generally be referred to as <code><package-spec></code> in the help output for the npm commands that use this package name specifier.</p><h3 id="package-name">Package name</h3><ul><li><code>[<@scope>/]<pkg></code></li><li><code>[<@scope>/]<pkg>@<tag></code></li><li><code>[<@scope>/]<pkg>@<version></code></li><li><code>[<@scope>/]<pkg>@<version range></code></li></ul><p>Refers to a package by name, with or without a scope, and optionally tag, version, or version range.This is typically used in combination with the <a href="../using-npm/config#registry.html">registry</a> config to refer to a package in a registry.</p><p>Examples:</p><ul><li><code>npm</code></li><li><code>@npmcli/arborist</code></li><li><code>@npmcli/arborist@latest</code></li><li><code>npm@6.13.1</code></li><li><code>npm@^4.0.0</code></li></ul><h3 id="aliases">Aliases</h3><ul><li><code><alias>@npm:<name></code></li></ul><p>Primarily used by commands like <code>npm install</code> and in the dependency sections in the <code>package.json</code>, this refers to a package by an alias.The <code><alias></code> is the name of the package as it is reified in the <code>node_modules</code> folder, and the <code><name></code> refers to a package name as found in the configured registry.</p><p>See <code>Package name</code> above for more info on referring to a package by name, and <a href="../using-npm/config#registry.html">registry</a> for configuring which registry is used when referring to a package by name.</p><p>Examples:</p><ul><li><code>semver@npm:@npmcli/semver-with-patch</code></li><li><code>semver@npm:semver@7.2.2</code></li><li><code>semver@npm:semver@legacy</code></li></ul><h3 id="folders">Folders</h3><ul><li><code><folder></code></li></ul><p>This refers to a package on the local filesystem.Specifically this is a folder with a <code>package.json</code> file in it.This <em>should</em> always be prefixed with a <code>/</code> or <code>./</code> (or your OS equivalent) to reduce confusion.npm currently will parse a string with more than one <code>/</code> in it as a folder, but this is legacy behavior that may be removed in a future version.</p><p>Examples:</p><ul><li><code>./my-package</code></li><li><code>/opt/npm/my-package</code></li></ul><h3 id="tarballs">Tarballs</h3><ul><li><code><tarball file></code></li><li><code><tarball url></code></li></ul><p>Examples:</p><ul><li><code>./my-package.tgz</code></li><li><code>https://registry.npmjs.org/semver/-/semver-1.0.0.tgz</code></li></ul><p>Refers to a package in a tarball format, either on the local filesystem or remotely via url.This is the format that packages exist in when uploaded to a registry.</p><h3 id="git-urls">git urls</h3><ul><li><code><git:// url></code></li><li><code><github username>/<github project></code></li></ul><p>Refers to a package in a git repo.This can be a full git url, git shorthand, or a username/package on GitHub.You can specify a git tag, branch, or other git ref by appending <code>#ref</code>.</p><p>Examples:</p><ul><li><code>https://github.com/npm/cli.git</code></li><li><code>git@github.com:npm/cli.git</code></li><li><code>git+ssh://git@github.com/npm/cli#v6.0.0</code></li><li><code>github:npm/cli#HEAD</code></li><li><code>npm/cli#c12ea07</code></li></ul><h3 id="see-also">See also</h3><ul><li><a href="https://npm.im/npm-package-arg">npm-package-arg</a></li><li><a href="../using-npm/scope.html">scope</a></li><li><a href="../using-npm/config.html">config</a></li></ul></div> <footer id="edit"><a href="https://github.com/npm/cli/edit/latest/docs/lib/content/using-npm/package-spec.md"><svg role="img" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentcolor" style="vertical-align: text-bottom; margin-right: 0.3em;"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.013 1.427a1.75 1.75 0 012.474 0l1.086 1.086a1.75 1.75 0 010 2.474l-8.61 8.61c-.21.21-.47.364-.756.445l-3.251.93a.75.75 0 01-.927-.928l.929-3.25a1.75 1.75 0 01.445-.758l8.61-8.61zm1.414 1.06a.25.25 0 00-.354 0L10.811 3.75l1.439 1.44 1.263-1.263a.25.25 0 000-.354l-1.086-1.086zM11.189 6.25L9.75 4.81l-6.286 6.287a.25.25 0 00-.064.108l-.558 1.953 1.953-.558a.249.249 0 00.108-.064l6.286-6.286z"></path></svg>Edit this page on GitHub</a></footer></section> </body></html>